Bolt in the World.
A screw, or bolt, is a type of fastener characterized by a
helical ridge, known as an external thread or just thread, wrapped around a
cylinder. Some screw threads are designed to mate with a complementary thread,
known as an internal thread, often in the form of a nut or an object that has
the internal thread formed into it. Other screw threads are designed to cut a
helical groove in a softer material as the screw is inserted. The most common
uses of screws are to hold objects together and to position objects.
A screw will always have a head, which is a specially formed
section on one end of the screw that allows it to be turned, or driven. Common
tools for driving screws include screwdrivers and wrenches. The head is usually
larger than the body of the screw, which keeps the screw from being driven
deeper than the length of the screw and to provide a bearing surface. There are
exceptions; for instance, carriage bolts have a domed head that is not designed
to be driven; set screws have a head smaller than the outer diameter of the
screw; J-bolts have a J-shaped head which is not designed to be driven, but
rather is usually sunk into concrete allowing it to be used as an anchor bolt.
The cylindrical portion of the screw from the underside of the head to the tip
is known as the shank; it may be fully threaded or partially threaded.[1] The
distance between each thread is called the "pitch".
Hex Bolts
Carriage Bolts.
A carriage bolt has a smoothly-rounded head that affixes to
the shaft with a short, squared-off segment. Its thread continues partially up
along the shaft, with an unthreaded segment closer to its head. The end of a
carriage bolt is flat.
Lag Bolts.
Lag bolts have a wood thread. Their tips are pointed, as
they readily work with wooden materials. They are also known as lag screws.
Eye Bolts.
An eye bolt features an eye-like circular loop instead of a
traditional head. It may be used for hanging something, such as a chain. The
end of an eye bolt's shaft is usually flat.
U-Bolts.
U-Bolts have a "U" shape, with two ends. Their
rounded shape works well for securing pipes or other materials with rounded
surfaces. They may either have a softly-rounded or a square-shaped bend.
J Bolts.
J bolts can be used similarly to eye bolts, when you need an
open loop. They also work well for tie downs. A J bolt has a flat end at the
tip of its shaft.
Shoulder Bolts.
Shoulder bolts, or stripper bolts, produce pivoting or
sliding joints. They have a form similar to a standard hex bolt with an
additional shoulder piece that rotates, making them ideal for joints that
require rotation or sliding. You adjust them with a hex Allen wrench.
Elevator Bolts.
True to their name, elevator bolts are usually used in
conveyor systems such as elevators. You can identify them by their large,
flattened heads. Their long shafts only feature threading at the farthest end,
with the remainder flat.
Chicago Bolts.
Chicago bolts, also known as barrel nuts or sex bolts, have
a female thread, or an inverted threaded surface. They work in cases where you
wish to have a bolt head on either side of the joint, providing a threaded
"barrel" into which another bolt can screw.
Hanger Bolts
Hanger bolts are a combination-style bolt. Instead of a head
end and a shaft end, they have no head and a long shaft with two different
thread patterns. One end has a wood thread and the other has a machine thread.
Hanger bolts work to connect two different kinds of materials; for example,
when joining wood to drilled metal. You can also use a hanger bolt for
woodworking projects, coupling it with threaded inserts.
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